Topic directory
World maps & models
Browse 31 source-linked records about world maps & models, with evidence labels, original sources and limitations.
Historical artifacts, claims and scientific context retain their own labels. Inclusion in this collection does not establish a claim as true.
- Historical record
Abizaid’s flat, stationary-Earth map
John George Abizaid’s map with English and Arabic text.
- Historical record
Al-Idrisi’s world map — a sixteenth-century copy
Orientation is a cartographic convention, not inversion of the physical Earth.
- Historical record
Babylonian Map of the World
Disc and surrounding cosmic waters; ancient worldview, not an Antarctic survey.
- Historical record
Bertelli’s map of the known world
Southern land and fantastic fauna are speculative; do not label them surveyed ice-free Antarctica.
- Historical record
Cosmas’s ancient world model — nineteenth-century tracing
Kohl’s nineteenth-century tracing of a Cosmas reconstruction.
- Historical record
Ferguson’s square, stationary-Earth model
Orlando Ferguson’s explicitly anti-globe map.
- Historical record
Gleason’s New Standard Map of the World
An authentic historical flat-Earth advocacy artifact. Its publication is not evidence that its world model is accurate.
- Historical record
Islamic world diagram with supporting creatures
Mythic world-supporting creatures; not navigation.
- Historical record
Islamic world map centered on Mecca and Medina
Schematic cosmology, not Antarctic evidence.
- Historical record
Jain world map of concentric continents and oceans
Concentric continents and oceans express Jain cosmology.
- Historical record
Japanese Buddhist diagram of the world, heavens and hells
Heavens and hells contextualize a geographical world.
- Historical record
Japanese Buddhist world map centered on India
Sacred geography; India-centered, not polar evidence.
- Historical record
Medieval T-and-O map of three continents
Three-part symbolic map, not a polar projection.
- Historical record
Medieval world map centered on Jerusalem
Jerusalem-centered sacred geography; circular composition alone does not establish flat-Earth doctrine.
- Historical record
Medieval world map from the Book of Curiosities
Rectangular page geometry is not a physical Earth-shape claim.
- Historical record
Medieval world map linking continents to Noah’s sons
Three continents assigned to Noah’s sons; sacred history rather than polar observation.
- Historical record
Mercator’s world map for navigation
Mercator’s 1569 world map in the Basel holding, shown as the institution’s complete-map composite. Its southern continent is conjectural, not a verified survey of ice-free Antarctica.
- Historical record
Oronce Fine world map, 1534
A historical world map with a conjectural southern continent—not a verified Antarctic survey.
- Historical record
Oronce Fine’s double-heart world map
Fine’s double-heart world map, distinct from the 1534 single-heart map already in the collection. Its conjectural southern land is not a verified Antarctic survey.
- Historical record
Ortelius’s world map with an imagined southern continent
Conjectural southern continent.
- Historical record
Ortelius’s world map — 1570 edition
The 1570 edition of Ortelius’s world map, distinct from the existing 1598 edition. Historical conjectural geography is not evidence of a surveyed Antarctic civilization.
- Historical record
Piri Reis world map fragment
An authentic surviving fragment of Piri Reis’s world map. Provenance of the artifact does not establish the later interpretation that it depicts an ice-free Antarctic coast.
- Historical record
Ptolemy’s world map in a fifteenth-century edition
Classical geographical knowledge, not Antarctic surveying.
- Historical record
Ricci’s Chinese-language world map
Chinese-European collaboration; compare continental outlines and placement, not evidence of hidden polar territory.
- Historical record
The World, on Mercator’s Projection
Antarctic omission reflects incomplete polar mapping; it does not imply physical nonexistence.
- Historical record
Urbano Monte’s sixty-sheet manuscript world map
Urbano Monte’s sixty-sheet map represents a globe in polar projection.
- Historical record
Waldseemüller’s nautical world map
Compare with the 1507 map as changing cartographic knowledge, not literal cosmological geometry.
- Historical record
Waldseemüller’s world map naming America
Early-modern knowledge boundary; depiction predates Antarctic coastal exploration.
- Historical record
World map from the atlas Geography Rectified
Hemispheric arrangement belongs to globe cartography, not a two-disc cosmology.
- Historical record
World map from the Theatre of the Universe atlas
Date the displayed edition 1587, not the atlas's first edition of 1570.
- Historical record
World map with two heart-shaped hemispheres
Two heart-shaped hemispheres project a globe, not a heart-shaped physical Earth.